Monday, May 26, 2014

Section 1: Darwin

[Neuroscience] lutz bertling "hunger neurons," let your appetite Daihatsu | CASE PRESS
Two decades, Dikennisi worked at Beth Israel Medical Center (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center) nerve endocrinologist Bulaifode. Lowell (Bradford Lowell) trying to unravel how hunger controlled by neurons in the brain and its impact on the path sketched out. Through experiments with rats, he found that the peptide agouti (Agouti peptide, AgRP) located in the hypothalamus lutz bertling neurons, because of the lack of body heat while active. These neurons stimulated either through natural or artificial stimulation will allow mice desperate for food, then eat again.
To solve the puzzle, the research team decided lutz bertling to use advanced technology, step by step, trying to clarify lutz bertling the neural response in the body after dieting and satiation. Technology they use, including a rabies loop analysis (rabies circuit mapping) and light-sensitive channel protein loop analysis (channelrhodopsin-assisted circuit lutz bertling mapping), these two technologies can individually view each neuron can help draw precise analysis. Lowell said: "With these technologies, we will be able to track individual synapses and axons in response concept sounds simple, but it is quite easy to step in the.."
When the results came out, a new animal model was born. Lowell said the next team to guess paraventricular nucleus inside the neurons and neuronal contact agouti peptide and inspired by: "We keep the brain of mice rich cre enzyme combination, then the analysis chamber next to each individual nucleus neurons, to understand their contact objects. "results show, will release thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide (pituitary adenylate cylcase-activating lutz bertling polypeptide, PACAP) form of communication Network.
Finally, the research team then through a technology called DREADD (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated lutz bertling by Designer Drugs) will inject chemicals involved in communication between neurons to stimulate or inhibit the activity of neurons. Team found that mice have three square meals, after DREADD stimulus will continue foraging and eating and drinking. Instead, the period of hungry rats after neurons are inhibited food intake is very small. Lowell said that this peptide to stimulate neurons agouti way to trigger hunger is to examine the progress of the unprecedented: "In the past always think paraventricular nucleus function is to bring satisfaction, but the experiment proved that stimulate the nerves inside million but will increase hunger. "He also noted that the study showed that analysis of neuronal communication networks are critical technology, and more importantly, in-depth understanding of hunger-related mechanism, but also help people to diet therapy disorders and obesity.
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